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OBJECTIVE To explore the protective effect and mechanism of ophiopogonin D (OP-D) on oxidative stress injury of H9c2 cells induced by H2O2. METHODS An oxidative damage model of H9c2 cells was established by H2O2 induction. The cells were divided into control group (cultured in serum-free medium for 28 h), H2O2 injury model group (treated with H2O2400μmol·L-1 for 3 h), OP-D 5, 10 and 20 μmol · L-1 pretreatment groups (treated with H2O2400 μmol · L-1 for 3 h after OP-D pretreat?ment for 24 h), and an inhibitor of CYP2J3, 6-(2-proparglyloxyphenyl) hexanoic acid (PPOH) group (OP-D 20μmol·L-1+PPOH 10μmol·L-1, PPOH was added to the cells 1 h before OP-D treatment). Cell activity was measured by MTT method, levels of dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12-DHET and 14,15-DHET respectively) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) and activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected by assay kits. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of CYP2J3, Akt phos?phorylation (p-Akt) protein and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation (p-eNOS) protein in cells, and the possible mechanism by which OP-D reduces oxidative stress was further verified with PPOH. RESULTS H2O2400μmol · L-1 significantly inhibited H9c2 cell viability (P<0.01), and OP-D signifi?cantly increased the cell survival rate after H2O2 injury (P<0.01). Different concentrations of OP-D increased the level of 11,12- DHET and 14,15-DHET (P<0.05, P<0.01). OP-D increased the level of NO in cells after H2O2-induced injury (P<0.05, P<0.01), enhanced the activity of SOD (P<0.05), and decreased the level of MDA and LDH (P<0.05, P<0.01). OP-D significantly reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis after H2O2 injury (P<0.05, P<0.01). OP-D pretreatment increased the protein and mRNA expression of CYP2J3 (P<0.05, P<0.01) and the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt-eNOS pathway after H2O2 injury (P<0.05, P<0.01). After PPOH was given in advance, the protective effect of OP-D was inhibited (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION OP-D can reduce H2O2-induced H9c2 cell damage, which may be related to the activation of PI3K pathway and the phosphorylation of its downstream factors Akt and eNOS by inducing CYP2J3 expression and increasing the contents of 11,12-DHET and 14,15-DHET.
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Objective:To investigate the mechanism of Shugan Wendan decoction in treating atherosclerosis based on liver X receptor α(LXRα)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) signal. Method:A New Zealand rabbit model of atherosclerosis with liver-Qi stagnation was established by using calf serum albumin immune injury, high fat feeding and bondage emotional stress method. Theses rabbits are randomly divided into 6 groups, control group,model group, atorvastatin group, Shugan Wendan decoction low, medium and high dose group(2.18,6.54,19.62 g·kg-1·d-1). After successful modeling, the rabbits were treated by injecting drugs with Atorvastatin and low, middle and high dose Shugan Wendan decoction to gastric.The control group and the model group were given intragastric administration of saline in the same volume. The period of gavage is 6 weeks. The pathological changes of the rabbits were detected by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining.Serum levels of totalcholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG),low density extremityprotein(LDL-C), high density extremity protein(HDL-C), nitric oxide(NO), and endothelin-1(ET-1) of the rabbits were detected by enzyme method, nitrate reductase method, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), respectively.The gene expression of CRP, IL-1β, IL-6 and MMP-9 in the aorta was detected by Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR) method.The protein expression of LXRα/NF-κB signaling pathway wasdetected by Western blot. Result:Compared with normal control group, in model group, the lumen of the blood vessels was significantly narrowed, atheromatous plaques were formed, and a large number of intracellular foam-like changes were seen. In atorvastatin group and Shugan Wendan decoction group, the blood vessels in high, middle, and low concentration groups were narrowed. Atherosclerotic plaques and foam-like changes were all lower than the model group.Compared with the normal control group, the TG, TC, and LDL-C levels in the model groupincreased(PPPPβ, IL-6 and MMP-9 all increased(Pα protein in the model group was decreased(PκB was increased(PPPβ, IL-6 and MMP-9 in the atorvastatin group,the low, middle and high dose Shugan Wendan decoction groups all decreased(Pα protein in the group was increased(PκB was decreased(PConclusion:Shugan Wendan decoction can inhance the function of vascular endothelial cells and the stability of atherosclerotic plaque by regulating LXRα/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Objective:To investigate the expressions of cardiac cycle, myocardial pathology, galectin-3 (Gal-3),transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β),Smad homologue 3 recombinant protein (Smad3) in rats with heart failure and heart failure after ischemia-reperfusion, and the intervention effect of Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis (DOC) myocardial fibrosis in model rats. Method:A rat model of heart failure and Qi deficiency was established through ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The rats were divided into blank group, model group, valsartan group (9.43 mg·kg-1) and DOC group (10 mg·kg-1), with 10 in each group. The blank group and the model group were given an equal volume of physiological saline. The changes in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic dimension(LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) of the cardiac cycle of rats in each group were recorded by high-resolution ultrasound system. The carboxyterrninal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), and carboxyterrninal propeptide of type Ⅲ procollagen (PⅢNP)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The morphological changes of myocardial cells were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The changes of myocardial fiber tissue and collagen were observed by Masson staining. Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of Gal-3, TGF-β, Smad3. Result:Compared with the blank group, the levels of LVEDD, LVEF, and LVFS were lower in the model group (PPβ, and Smad3 were decreased (PPPPβ and Smad3 were lower than those in the model group (PPConclusion:DOC can effectively inhibit myocardial fibrosis in rats with heart failure and heart Qi deficiency syndrome after ischemia-reperfusion. The mechanism may be correlated with the reduction of the expressions of Gal-3, TGF-β and Smad3.
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Objective To investigate the effect of safflower yellow injection on atherosclerosis in rabbits with hyperlipidemia.Methods Ninety-six New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into four groups:the control group, model group, safflower yellowtest group (10.9, 5.45 and 2.725 mg/kg) and the positive control (atorvastatin) group. The control group was fed with normal feed, while the other three groups were fed with high fat diet for 8 weeks, combined with intraperitoneal injection of vitamin D3, to establish hyperlipidemia model. Then, the three-dosage safflower yellow-test groups were given intraperitoneal injection of safflower yellow (10.9, 5.45 and 2.725 mg/kg), respectively, the positive control group was given atorvastatin calcium[2 mg/ (kg·d) ]by intragastric administration, and the control and model groups were orally given an equal volume of normal saline, all once a day every day for 8weeks. After 16 h fasting following the last administration, the body weight, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), oxidized low density lipoprotein (OX-LDL), matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R), and scavenger receptor class B type1 (SR-B1) levels were measured. The morphological changes of thoracic aortas were examined by HE staining. Results At the 16 th week, compared with the control group, the body weight as well as the TC, TG, LDL-C, OX-LDL, MMP-9, HIF-1α, VEGF, VCAM-1 and PF4 level were all increased significantly (P＜0.05), while the level of HDL-C, ApoE, LDL-R, and SR-B1 decreased significantly (P＜0.05), accompanied with the atherosclerotic changes in the thoracic aortas indicated by the HE staining in the model group. Compared with the model group, the body weight as well as the TC, LDL-C, OX-LDL, MMP-9, HIF-1α, VEGF, VCAM-1 and PF4 level were decreased significantly (P＜0.05), and the TIMP-1 level increased (P＜0.05) in all of the three-dosage safflower yellow-test groups. Meanwhile, compared with the model group, in the 10.9 and 5.45 mg/kg safflower yellow groups, the TG level were decreased and the ApoE and SR-B1 levels were increased significantly (P＜0.05). On the other hand, the LDL-R level significantly increased only in the safflower yellow 10.9 mg/kg group (P＜0.05). HE staining showed a significant reduction in atherosclerorotic changes of the thoracic aorta in the safflower yellow-test groups. Conclusion Safflower yellow may inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis by regulating the lipid metabolism and MMP-9/TIMP-1 balance and also by inhibiting the HIF-1α, VEGF, VCAM-1 and PF4 expression.
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Kidney stones are a common urinary system condition that can progress to kidney disease. Previous studies on the association between tea consumption and kidney stones are inconsistent. A cross-sectional study to investigate the association between tea consumption and kidney stones was conducted from 2013 to 2014 and recruited 9,078 northern Chinese adults. A total of 8,807 participants were included in the final analysis. Participants' prevalence of kidney stones was 1.07%, 1.73%, and 2.25% based on their tea consumption frequency of never, occasionally, and often groups, respectively. Compared with the 'never' group, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the occurrence of kidney stones were 1.57 (1.00-2.46) and 1.65 (1.06-2.57) in the 'occasionally' and 'often' groups, respectively. After adjusting for sex, age, and other potential confounding factors, tea consumption still significantly increased the risk of kidney stones. Tea consumption is independently associated with an increased risk of kidney stones in the investigated population, suggesting that a decrease in the consumption of tea may be a preventive strategy for kidney stones.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Tongguan Capsule (TGC) on post-myocardial infarction ventricular remodeling and heart function in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was established by coronary ligation. Experimental rats were randomized to 4 groups including three model groups (Group A: captopril 5 mg/kg * day, n=7; Group B: TGC 10 g/kg * day, n=7; and Group C: placebo, n=8), and a sham-control group (Group D: blank control, n=6). Animals were treated for 4 weeks. The cardiac function of rats was assessed at the end of the experiment based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular short axis fractional shortening (LVFS) detected by colored echocardiography; meanwhile, the condition of ventricular remodeling was observed through the levels of left ventricular mass (LVM), plasma aldosterone (ALD), myocardial angiotensin II (Ang II) and myocardial collagen measurements.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the end of the experiment, LVEF and LVFS in Group A and B were improved significantly, while those in Group C were unchanged, the LVEF in Group A, B, C, and D was 0.57+/-0.46, 0.61+/-0.08, 0.36+/-0.55 and 0.76+/-0.02, respectively; and their LVFS was 0.31+/-0.52, 0.34+/-0.04, 0.23+/-0.57 and 0.45+/-0.03, respectively. The difference was statistically significant when comparing the two indexes in Group A and B with those in Group C and D (P<0.05). LVM, levels of plasma ALD and myocardial Ang II were lower in Group A and B than in Group C, but a comparison between Group A and B showed an insignificant difference in lowering LVM and ALD, while the lowering of Ang II was more significant in Group B than in Group A (754.7 +/- 18.7 pg/mL vs 952.6+/-17.6 pg/mL, P<0.05). Morphological examination showed that in Group A and B the swollen myocardial cells had shrunk, with regularly arranged myocardial fibers and decreased collagen proliferation, but the improvements in Group B were more significant.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TGC could markedly improve the post-infarction ventricular remodeling and cardiac function in rats, showing that the efficacy was better than or equal to that of captopril.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Angiotensin II , Blood , Antihypertensive Agents , Pharmacology , Capsules , Captopril , Pharmacology , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Echocardiography, Doppler , Heart , Myocardial Infarction , Diagnostic Imaging , Drug Therapy , Rehabilitation , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Ventricular Function, Left , Ventricular RemodelingABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the effectiveness of Chinese medicine and integrated Chinese and Western medicine for influenza A (H1N1) in the fever clinics and its relevant expenditure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A prospective survey on the clinical epidemic observation and follow-up was conducted from July 2009 to October 2009 with a self-developed questionnaire whose contents including the clinical data of the confirmed 149 H1N1 cases and their relevant therapeutic expenditure. The patients were assigned to the Chinese medicine group (22 cases treated by Chinese medicine alone) and integrative medicine group (124 cases treated by both Chinese medicine and Western medicine). The data were processed with descriptive analysis, t test and χ (2), and sum-rank test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The proportion of clinical recovery of Chinese medicine group (81.8%) was higher than that of integrative medicine group (54.8%) with statistical significance (P=0.02). The average fever durations in both groups were 3.5 to 4 days, showing no significant difference (P=0.86). In the comparisons of average cost of Chinese herbs, drugs, therapies, and total cost, those of the Chinese medicine group were lower than those in the integrative group (P=0.01, P=0.00, P=0.00, P=0.00).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The H1N1 patients in the fever clinic who received Chinese medicine treatment had a higher clinical recovery proportion than those who received integrated Chinese and Western medicine treatment with lower medical cost. However, due to small sample size of the Chinese medicine group in the study, the conclusion needs further confirmation by studies with large sample size.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Costs and Cost Analysis , Fever , Economics , Therapeutics , Virology , Health Expenditures , Hospitals , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Physiology , Influenza, Human , Economics , Therapeutics , Virology , Integrative Medicine , Economics , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Economics , Time Factors , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of Tongguan Capsule (TGC), a Chinese herbal preparation for supplementing qi and activating blood circulation, in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with qi-deficiency and blood stasis syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred patients after successful PCI operation were assigned to two groups, 50 in each group. Western routine therapy with anti-thrombosis and anti-coagulant agents were applied in all patients before, during and after operation, while to the patients in the treated group, TGC was given additionally. The therapeutic course for both groups was one month. The efficacy was evaluated by observing the effect on angina pectoris, main TCM syndromes and scores of qi-deficiency syndrome and blood stasis syndrome at 3 time points (the day before, 3 days and 30 days after operation).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate in relieving angina pectoris was 96.0% (48/50) in the treated group and 92.0% (46/50) in the control group, showing insignificant difference between them (P > 0.05). The score of qi-deficiency in both groups raised 3 days after PCI as compared with that before PCI, but showed no statistical significance (P > 0.05); 30 days after PCI, it increased in the control group, as compared with that before PCI (P < 0.05). The score of blood stasis syndrome significantly lowered at the 3rd and the 30th day after PCI in both groups as compared with before PCI, showing statistical significance (P < 0.05); while in comparing the value at the 3rd day with that at the 30th day, the difference showed significance in the treated group but not in the control group (P < 0.05); and comparison between the two groups at the 30th day showed it was much lower in the treated group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TGC could significantly improve the clinical symptoms of qi-deficiency and blood stasis syndrome in patients after PCI.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Capsules , Coronary Disease , Blood , Drug Therapy , Therapeutics , Diagnosis, Differential , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Phytotherapy , Qi , Stents , Syndrome , Treatment Outcome , Yang Deficiency , Blood , Drug TherapyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the changing laws of TCM syndrome type in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) before and after intervention treatment (IT) and to explore the influence of IT on TCM syndrome type.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The TCM syndrome type of 71 patients with "Chest-Bi" was differentiated before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treatment, of which the most common syndrome types were qi deficiency, yang deficiency, yin deficiency, qi stagnation, blood stasis, phlegm, cold coagulation, heat-syndrome, etc.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before PCI treatment, syndrome types of blood stasis (53 cases, 74.6%), qi deficiency (46 cases, 64.8%), and phlegm (28 cases, 39.4%) were the commonest, while there were 12 cases of qi stagnation (16.9%) and 12 cases of cold coagulation (16.9%); One week after PCI treatment, the most commonly seen types were blood stasis (47 cases, 66.2%), qi deficiency (39 cases, 54.9%) and phlegm (23 cases, 32.4%), while qi stagnation (2 cases, 2.8%) and cold coagulation (1 case, 1.4%) were also found; One month after PCI, qi deficiency (47 cases,85.4%), blood stasis (40 cases,72.7%), phlegm (31 cases, 56.4%) were the most commonly seen types. Comparison of the syndrome types between before and after PCI showed that the syndromes of qi deficiency and phlegm were progressively aggravating, while syndromes of qi stagnation and cold coagulation were alleviated after PCI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Although PCI treatment could relieve patients' symptoms of excess in superficiality, it can't radically change the pathogenetic nature of CHD, namely, the deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which indicates that one should pay full attention to the importance and necessity of CHD after PCI treatment.</p>